Preventing and Recognizing an Asthma Attack

An asthma attack is when your asthma symptoms become suddenly worse. This happens due to tightening around your airways, called bronchospasm. During an asthma attack, your airway lining becomes swollen. Thicker mucus than normal is produced.

Bronchospasm, swollen airways and thick mucus lead to difficulty breathing, wheezing, coughing and shortness of breath. Other symptoms of an asthma attack can include:

• Severe wheezing when breathing both in and out
• Very rapid breathing
• Chest pain or pressure
• Coughing that won't stop
• Feeling anxious
• Pale, sweaty face
• Blue lips or fingernails
• Retractions, or tightening, of the muscles in between your ribs and in your chest

Some people with asthma may go for long periods without having an asthma attack, even a mild one. But whether it is mild or severe, an asthma attack is a sign that your asthma is not under control. You may need to talk with your doctor about your asthma management plan. You will probably need to change your medicine or to make lifestyle changes.

If you learn to recognize an asthma attack while it is still in the mild stages, you may be able to stop an asthma attack or prevent one from getting worse. Learn how to recognize your early warning signs. These can include:

• Frequent cough, especially at night
• Reduced peak flow meter readings
• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing or coughing after exercise
• Feeling tired or grouchy
• Signs of a cold, such as nasal stuffiness, sore throat, sneezing, or runny nose.
• Trouble sleeping

It's important to treat these symptoms immediately once you recognize them, so your asthma attack does not become worsee.

An asthma action plan will help you know what actions to take during an asthma attack.

Mild asthma attacks are usually more common. Usually, taking your rescue (quick-relief) inhaler will help ease your symptoms. Often, in a mild attack, your airways will open up within a few minutes to a few hours after treatment.

Severe attacks last longer and require immediate medical help.If you are having an asthma attack and your symptoms do not improve after following your asthma action plan, contact your doctor and follow your asthma action plan's "Red Zone" or emergency instructions immediately. You need medical attention right now.

The best way to prevent an asthma attack is to avoid your triggers
as much as possible and to follow all your doctor's instructions concerning medicine and lifestyle.